Active Passive

Perfect Tenses: Active & Passive Voice

1. Past Perfect Tense

Structure:

• Active: Subject + had + past participle (V3) + object.

• Passive: Object + had + been + past participle (V3) + by + subject.

Examples:

Type: Affirmative

Active: She had completed the project.

Negative: The project had been completed by her.

Type: Negative

She had not completed the project.

The project had not been completed by her.

Interrogative

Had she completed the project?

Had the project been completed by her?

Interrogative Negative

Had she not completed the project?

Had the project not been completed by her?

2. Future Perfect Tense

Structure:

• Active: Subject + will have + past participle (V3) + object.

• Passive: Object + will have been + past participle (V3) + by + subject.

Type: Affirmative

They will have finished the task.

The task will have been finished by them.

Negative

They will not have finished the task.

The task will not have been finished by them.

Interrogative

Will they have finished the task?

Will the task have been finished by them?

Interrogative Negative

Will they not have finished the task?

Will the task not have been finished by them?

Exercise: Convert the following sentences into their corresponding voice (Active to Passive or Passive to Active)

1. The teacher has not explained the concept.

2. Has the project been finished by the engineers?

3. Had the committee finalized the report before submission?

4. The song has not been composed by Ravi.

5. Will the musician have recorded a new album by next month?

6. Had the special dish been prepared for the guests?

7. The government will not have implemented the new policy by next year.

8. The answer sheets will not have been checked by the teacher.

9. Had the librarian arranged the books before the event?

10. The team had not won the championship before the finals.

11. Will the air conditioner have been fixed by the technician by tomorrow?

12. The scientist has formulated a new theory.

13. The road had not been fixed before the monsoon.

14. Will Ravi have composed a beautiful song by next month?

15. Has the scientist discovered a new element?

16. The students have not completed their assignments.

17. The technician had repaired the laptop before I arrived.

18. The decorations had not been arranged by the neighbors.

19. Will the final report have been submitted before the deadline?

20. The director had not announced the winners before the event ended.

21. The police have not arrested the suspect.

22. Has the laptop been repaired by the technician?

23. Had the soldiers captured the enemy base before dawn?

24. Will the farmer have plowed the field by next week?

25. Had the policy been implemented before the elections?

26. The new element had not been discovered by the scientist.

27. The chef has not prepared a delicious meal.

28. Will the budget have been approved by the manager before the meeting?

29. The novel has not been written by the author.

30. Had the team not arranged the decorations before the festival?

31. Will the teacher have checked the answer sheets by Monday?

32. Has the masterpiece been painted by the artist?

33. The meeting had not been conducted before lunch.

34. Will the report not have been submitted before the review meeting?

35. The company had not launched a new product last year.

36. Had the project not been completed before the deadline?

37. Will the suspect have been arrested by the police by evening?

38. Has Hrishi learned French?

39. Had the carpenter built the table before the event?

40. Has the technician repaired the laptop?

41. Will the final decision have been made by the committee?

42. The speech will not have been delivered by the speaker.

43. The workers had repaired the road before the rain started.

44. Has the team not won the championship yet?

45. The books had been arranged before the librarian arrived.

46. The author will have written a new novel by December.

47. Will the room have been cleaned by Mala before the guests arrive?

48. Had the task been completed before the supervisor arrived?

49. The scientist has not formulated a new theory.

50. Will the musician record a new album next year?

51. Had the decorations been completed before the festival?

52. Will the carpenter have built the table by tomorrow?

53. The results will not have been announced by the examiner by Friday.

54. Had the final decision been made before the meeting started?

55. The new policy has not been implemented by the government yet.

56. Will the committee have finalized the report before submission?

57. The song has not been composed yet.

58. Will the beautiful dress have been designed by Firoza?

59. The artist has painted a masterpiece.

60. Had the road been repaired before the monsoon started?

Exercise: Convert the following sentences into their corresponding voice (Active to Passive or Passive to Active)

1. The farmer will have plowed the field by next week.

2. The report is being written by the team.

3. Did the artist paint this masterpiece?

4. The technician has not repaired the air conditioner yet.

5. Was the invitation card designed by Mala?

6. The government will implement the new policy next year.

7. The results have been declared by the principal.

8. The police had arrested the thief before midnight.

9. Will the budget have been approved by the manager before the meeting?

10. The baby is crying loudly in the room.

11. Ravi did not compose a new song.

12. The assignments had not been submitted before the deadline.

13. Has the teacher explained this topic?

14. Was the project not completed by the engineers on time?

15. The scientist is conducting research on renewable energy.

16. The speech will not have been delivered by the speaker before noon.

17. The chef was cooking a delicious meal when the guests arrived.

18. The manager did not approve the budget.

19. Have the answer sheets been checked by the examiner?

20. The company will not launch a new product this year.

21. Will the musician have recorded a new album by next month?

22. The workers were repairing the road before the rain started.

23. The festival is celebrated by people every year.

24. The decision had already been made by the board before the announcement.

25. The road was being constructed by the workers.

26. She has not finished her homework yet.

27. Had the author written the novel before his retirement?

28. The guests will have left before we arrive.

29. The documents are not being checked by the clerk right now.

30. Did Hrishi learn French in school?

31. The carpenter had built the table before the function started.

32. Will the flowers have been arranged by the decorator before the ceremony?

33. The company will not have released the product before summer.

34. Was the thief caught by the police last night?

35. Has Firoza designed a beautiful dress?

36. Will the students complete their assignments by tomorrow?

37. The application is being processed by the officer.

38. The teacher had already explained the topic before the exam.

39. The scientist has discovered a new element.

40. Will the final report have been submitted before the review meeting?

41. The books were arranged by the librarian in the morning.

42. Has the manager not approved the proposal yet?

43. Will the carpenter not have built the cabinet by next week?

44. The workers will repair the bridge soon.

45. The project has not been completed by Rima.

46. Will the artist paint a new masterpiece next year?

47. The new mall was inaugurated by the mayor last week.

48. The meeting is being conducted in the conference hall.

49. The government had introduced a new tax policy last year.

50. The decorations had not been completed before the festival started.

51. Had the final decision been announced by the director?

52. The technician was fixing the computer when the power went out.

53. Has the budget been approved by the finance department?

54. The suspects were being interrogated by the police.

55. The gardener waters the plants every morning.

56. The exam results will be declared next week.

57. Will the answer sheets be checked by the teacher by Friday?

58. The neighbors were decorating the house when we arrived.

59. The invitations have been sent to all the guests.

60. The students were not preparing for the test when the teacher arrived.

61. Has the new bridge been constructed by the engineers?

62. The project will have been completed before the deadline.

63. The workers had not fixed the air conditioner before summer started.

64. Will the coach select the best players for the tournament?

65. The meeting is scheduled for tomorrow morning.

66. The policeman caught the thief red-handed.

67. The speech had already been delivered by the speaker before we reached.

68. The journalist is writing an article on climate change.

69. Will the answer sheets not have been checked by Monday?

70. The flight was delayed due to bad weather.

71. The guests will not have arrived before noon.

72. The shopkeeper does not sell expired products.

73. The teacher will be conducting a seminar next week.

74. The decision was made after a long discussion.

75. The project will not be completed by next week.

76. The audience was watching the play with great interest.

77. Will the report be finalized by the team before the meeting?

78. The mechanic has repaired the engine.

79. The letter had not been posted by the assistant.

80. Will Ravi have written a new novel by next year?

81. The exam papers have been checked carefully.

82. The technician was repairing the broken printer.

83. Had the guests arrived before the party started?

84. The police will investigate the case thoroughly.

85. The invitation cards had already been distributed before the wedding.

86. The principal will address the students tomorrow.

87. The road will be constructed within six months.

88. The librarian has issued the book to me.

89. The food is being served to the guests.

90. The results had not been announced before the students gathered.

91. The journalist had interviewed the celebrity before the event.

92. Has the mystery novel been written by the author?

93. The gardener has not watered the plants today.

94. Will the report not have been published by the editor before next month?

95. The technician will be fixing the machine in the evening.

96. The project had been delayed due to financial issues.

97. The application form was submitted by the student.

98. The newspaper is read by thousands of people daily.

99. The mechanic will have repaired the car by the afternoon.

100. Had the new policy been implemented before the elections?