Written and Oral Communication

Communication by using language is called verbal communication. It is sub-divided into two :

(a) Oral Communication

(b) Written Communication.

(c) Communication through listening and reading

ORAL COMMUNICATION

Oral Communication happens when we communicate with the help of spoken words. In this way, we can say that the conversations, meetings, conferences, interviews, training sessions, speeches, public announcements, radio speeches, telephone talk, public speaking, are all forms of oral communication. It can be used effectively to inform, satisfy, praise, criticize, please, inquire and for many other purposes.

Advantages :

(1) Oral Communication saves time. It is swift and faster than written communication as messages are transmitted and received simultaneously.

(2) There is immediate feedback which enhances communication.

(3) Oral communication is economical saving costs on stationary and paperwork. 

(4) In Oral communication, there is less formality.

(5) It allows for adaptation during communication by reading non-verbal cues and modifying tone and pitch.

Disadvantages :

1.  Oral Communication can be misunderstood more easily compared to written communication.

2.  If we consider the legal point of view, oral communication has little value as there is no permanent record or proof of what has been said.

3.  Oral Communication requires a good speaker otherwise it will not be meaningful.

4.  It cannot be preserved for future reference.

5. Not suitable for long or complex messages like reports or proposals.

6. Human memory is short-lived, making it hard to retain information.

7. It is unsuitable for long-distance communication due to cost and possible disturbances.

8. External noise or technical interference can disrupt clarity.

9. Personal biases and attitudes can hamper understanding.

10. Inattention or anxiety in the listener can affect comprehension.

11. The sender's personality and delivery can impact message effectiveness.

12. It is difficult to hold people accountable for oral messages, as they can be easily denied.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

Written communication is also a type of verbal communication. With the help of writing, we express ourselves. The human language is expressed by means of visible signs. Since long, letter writing is considered the only reliable means of communication. Far a long time in the business world, it was believed that sending letters, memorandum and notices was the only proper way for businessmen to communicate.

 Disadvantage :

(1) Written communication is slow and time consuming requiring planning.

(2) There is no immediate feedback.

(3) Written communication needs stationary and many equipment.

(4) Written communication is formal. It is only for literate people.

(5) Making changes once transmitted is difficult and time-consuming.

 Advantages :

(1) Written messages are less likely to be misunderstood and the doubts can be removed by reading it again.

(2) Written communication is best for legal or financial matters. It acts as a proof.

(3) Written communication has provided a permanent record. It can be preserved for years.

(4) In a globalized world, written communication avoids misunderstandings caused by accents or non-verbal cues. 

(5) Responsibility for written information is easily determined. 

(6) Written messages hold more credibility, especially in disputes. 

(7) It aids decision-making by providing a record of past information.

COMMUNICATION THROUGH LISTENING /READING

Communication through listening and Reading is done in our day to day life. We communicate maximum through listening. Communication through reading takes place where the reader takes interest in reading.